Zinc kiln linings suffer zinc vapor penetration and ring formation; phosphate bricks and chrome-corundum bricks are common.
Problem-by-problem analysis with solutions and recommended refractories
Steel-fiber reinforced castable with 2-3 vol% heat-resistant stainless fibers provides random reinforcement and toughening. Al₂O₃≥65%, 1400℃ max service, greatly improved flexural and thermal-shock spalling resistance.
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Wear-resistant castable with hard abrasion-resistant aggregate, Al₂O₃≥70%, 1500℃ max service and CCS≥90MPa. Dense matrix resists particulate erosion in gas-solid two-phase flow.
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LA-60 high-alumina castable uses bauxite clinker aggregate with Al₂O₃≥60% and a max service temperature of 1600℃. Its low-cement bond gives high density and good thermal-shock resistance.
Learn More →The copper bath zone suffers matte penetration and slag attack; magnesia-chrome bricks with copper staves are the mainstream solution.
View Problems & Solutions →Cell sidewall SiC bricks face electrolyte attack and sodium penetration, tied to cell life and energy efficiency.
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